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  1. 01Cloudflare · architecture

    Origin Range Requests: Serving large files without range-request tuning

    Cloudflare replaced a legacy, fixed-size range caching design that suffered from bandwidth waste and memory pressure with a Pingora-based chunk coordinator. The new implementation dynamically combines cached chunks and aligned origin fetches to serve range requests accurately without manual tuning. This approach cut p99 time to first byte in half for R2 storage and reduced tiered cache traffic by six percent.

    DEPTH ■■■■■8 min read2 days ago

    DatabasesPerformanceRedis

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  2. 02PlanetScale · architecture

    Shard design doesn't start from your tables

    Designing a sharded Postgres architecture requires grouping tables around shared query keys rather than starting from table structures alone. The post details how to configure shard groups, reference tables, SQL expressions in shard indexes, and global secondary indexes using Neki. This setup enables efficient single-shard queries and transactions while maintaining full Postgres semantics.

    DEPTH ■■■■■8 min read2 days ago

    PostgreSQL

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  3. 03GitHub · architecture

    The bridge to agent-scale Git infrastructure

    GitHub faced infrastructure capacity limits and a 25ms cross-region network round trip when migrating repositories to Azure. The team changed the storage quorum from repository-wide locks to per-reference serialization and introduced ephemeral virtual replicas backed by object storage. This raised write throughput, prevented slow replicas from blocking traffic, and decoupled read scaling from the write quorum.

    DEPTH ■■■■■8 min read4 days ago

    Infrastructure

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  4. 04Meta · architecture

    Inside Prometheus: Meta’s Journey to a Gigawatt-Scale Supercluster

    Meta built Prometheus, a gigawatt-scale AI supercluster designed to scale up to one million GPUs using multi-generation NVIDIA hardware and specialized backend Ethernet networks. The team achieved high goodput and significantly reduced system interruptions by implementing an in-rack sparing strategy, parallelism-aware fault tolerance, and close co-engineering with vendors. These infrastructure advancements allowed the team to successfully train frontier foundational models like Muse Wonder.

    DEPTH ■■■■■17 min read6 days ago

    InfrastructureMachine Learning

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  5. 05PlanetScale · practice

    I don't trust ON DELETE CASCADE

    Postgres ON DELETE CASCADE can cause production outages, replication failures, and performance degradation during large deletions or schema migrations due to long-running transactions holding locks and generating massive WAL. The author recommends using soft deletes with batched background cleanup instead to keep transactions short and bounded. This approach avoids table locks and simplifies data recovery.

    DEPTH ■■■■■5 min read4 days ago

    PostgreSQL

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  6. 06Meta · practice

    How Meta Built Forum With AI-Native Engineering

    Meta engineers built the Forum app using a human-on-the-loop AI agent workflow that automated planning, building, testing, and verification. By shifting focus from code generation to automated verification, tooling improvements, and architectural legibility, the team reached feature parity in eight weeks while catching systemic memory issues early.

    DEPTH ■■■■■8 min read10 days ago

    FrontendMobile

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  7. 07Cloudflare · scaling

    Rewinding the exponential: How we keep hardware usage down

    Cloudflare tackled exponential traffic growth against linear hardware growth by continuously evolving their data pipeline architecture over five years. Key optimizations included breaking up monolithic schemas, switching to zstd compression, decoupling pipeline transit from database replication, decentralizing sampling, and moving aggregations earlier in the pipeline. These strategies significantly reduced backbone bandwidth usage, network congestion, and storage requirements while preserving data quality.

    DEPTH ■■■■■12 min read12 days ago

    Infrastructure

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  8. 08GitHub · architecture

    Building Git infrastructure for agent-scale development

    GitHub is redesigning its Git infrastructure to handle the massive surge in concurrent read and write operations driven by agentic software development and high-volume workloads. The team is decoupling storage from compute by leveraging Azure Blob Storage for durability and lightweight compute workers for requests, which separates scaling dimensions. In internal benchmarks, this approach achieves up to 35 times higher write throughput and independent read scalability.

    DEPTH ■■■■■9 min read2 weeks ago

    Infrastructure

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  9. 09Dropbox · architecture

    Evolving our calendar assistant Reclaim to be AI-native without starting over

    Dropbox engineers evolved their calendar assistant, Reclaim, to support natural-language AI requests by building a custom agent platform that integrates with existing scheduling logic. They utilized a shared action system and a Preview Mode backed by Redis to ensure AI suggestions are consistent and reviewable before affecting real calendars. This approach allows the product to adopt AI capabilities without fragmenting its core architecture or duplicating functionality.

    DEPTH ■■■■■7 min read3 weeks ago

    InfrastructureMachine Learning

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  10. 10PlanetScale · architecture

    What gets TOASTed in Postgres

    This post examines how PostgreSQL uses TOAST to manage oversized rows and variable-length columns through compression and off-row storage. It compares the pglz and LZ4 compression algorithms across different workloads, highlighting trade-offs in search windows, file sizes, and CPU overhead. The analysis demonstrates how these mechanisms impact storage efficiency and read performance for large text and JSON data.

    DEPTH ■■■■■12 min read13 days ago

    PostgreSQL

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  11. 11Meta · scaling

    2026 World Cup: Breaking Records, Spiky Charts and Reliability at Scale

    Meta's infrastructure handled record-breaking traffic during the 2026 World Cup, including 30 million messages per second on WhatsApp, by relying on automated load balancing, capacity buffers, and targeted pre-builds. Traffic patterns revealed that surges occurred primarily during breaks rather than gameplay, requiring region-specific forecasting rather than cross-region load shifting. The systems maintained full reliability and allowed normal continuous deployment schedules to continue without manual intervention or system freezes.

    DEPTH ■■■■■5 min read10 days ago

    Infrastructure

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  12. 12PlanetScale · performance

    TIN v1.0.6: 2-3x faster, with support for stemming

    Following competitive benchmarks that highlighted opportunities for optimization, the developers of the TIN full-text search index for Postgres released versions 1.0.4 and 1.0.6. These updates added Snowball stemming for 18 languages, optimized top-k sorting queries with deterministic tiebreakers, and improved overall query performance. As a result, benchmark tests show that TIN outperforms competing extensions across conjunction, disjunction, and phrase query workloads.

    DEPTH ■■■■■8 min read2 weeks ago

    PostgreSQL

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  13. 13Heroku · architecture

    Front-End Web Deep Dive: Runtime Config

    Front-end web applications traditionally bake environment variables into build artifacts, requiring a full rebuild to change configurations across environments. To solve this, a new approach injects runtime environment variables directly into the HTML document's head element as data attributes via a Cloud Native Buildpack. This enables zero-rebuild configuration changes while remaining compatible with browser security standards like CSP.

    DEPTH ■■■■■3 min read10 days ago

    Frontend

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  14. 14GitHub · migration

    Improving site performance by shipping more CSS

    GitHub faced performance degradation on server-side rendering and initial page loads due to scaling issues with its CSS-in-JS solution. The engineering team executed a multi-year migration to CSS Modules and eliminated dynamic styling props using incremental rollouts, wrapper components, and automation tools. This resulted in significant performance gains, including 55% faster server-side rendering and the complete removal of styled-components.

    DEPTH ■■■■■8 min read4 weeks ago

    FrontendPerformance

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  15. 15Meta · migration

    Shipping Media Over QUIC at Meta Scale for Instagram Live Ingest

    Meta deployed the emerging Media over QUIC (MoQ) protocol for Instagram Live ingest on iOS and Android to replace their legacy RUSH protocol. By using edge translation to avoid backend rewrites and a phased rollout strategy, the team achieved metric parity with the old protocol without regressions. This deployment establishes a foundation to extend MoQ across Meta's applications for lower-latency and more resilient video streaming.

    DEPTH ■■■■■8 min read13 days ago

    FrontendMobile

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  16. 16PlanetScale · scaling

    Handling hot shards

    Growing applications often encounter hot shards when certain tenants or data subsets outgrow initial sharding strategies based on workspace IDs. To mitigate this, teams can scale up resources, isolate large tenants into specific key ranges, or fundamentally change the shard key for problematic tables based on access patterns. Neki facilitates these adjustments by allowing declarative data topologies and online resharding without downtime.

    DEPTH ■■■■■7 min read3 weeks ago

    MySQLPostgreSQL

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