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Deep, recent reads ranked by depth and freshness.

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01Shopify · architecture
We gave AI agents a mobile dev environment
Engineering teams outgrew their local machines while running parallel AI mobile development agents, constrained by heavy builds and lack of iOS tools on Linux. To solve this, they built Remote Dev using warm pools of remote Macs connected via SSH alongside separate Linux VMs for Android virtualization, paired with agent skills and live browser streaming. This setup shifted workflow bottlenecks, increasing AI-merged pull requests from 6 percent to 61 percent.
DEPTH ■■■■■9 min read3 days ago
Architecture Mobile
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02Meta · architecture
The Thin Orchestrator: How We Made Our AI Agents More Reliable by Giving the Router Less to Do
Meta engineers reduced hallucinations and improved reliability in their data pipeline agents by replacing a single heavyweight LLM orchestrator with a thin deterministic router and fourteen specialized subagents. The thin orchestrator handles routing and reliability checks through a fixed protocol, while isolated subagents execute domain reasoning. This architecture reduced configuration preparation time from a day to under an hour.
DEPTH ■■■■■7 min read6 days ago
Machine Learning
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03Shopify · architecture
How Shopify turns open models into task experts
Shopify uses a continual learning flywheel to post-train open models, such as NVIDIA Nemotron, to serve as dedicated subagents for specific tasks like GraphQL generation. By optimizing inference and utilizing automated self-healing to generate training data from production failures, the team successfully created task experts that outperform frontier models while reducing serving costs by 90-98% and improving response times.
DEPTH ■■■■■5 min read4 days ago
Architecture
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04Meta · architecture
Inside Prometheus: Meta’s Journey to a Gigawatt-Scale Supercluster
Meta built Prometheus, a gigawatt-scale AI supercluster designed to scale up to one million GPUs using multi-generation NVIDIA hardware and specialized backend Ethernet networks. The team achieved high goodput and significantly reduced system interruptions by implementing an in-rack sparing strategy, parallelism-aware fault tolerance, and close co-engineering with vendors. These infrastructure advancements allowed the team to successfully train frontier foundational models like Muse Wonder.
DEPTH ■■■■■17 min read6 days ago
Infrastructure Machine Learning
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05Shopify · architecture
Cross-store product clustering across millions of stores
Shopify needed to group identical product listings from millions of different merchants under a single global identifier. To solve this at scale without comparing every possible pair, the team implemented a multi-stage pipeline using vector retrieval, a tiered scoring system of ML models, and a bounded graph clustering approach. This architecture successfully standardizes product data across the entire platform while controlling computational costs.
DEPTH ■■■■■13 min read5 days ago
Architecture
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06Meta · practice
How Meta Built Forum With AI-Native Engineering
Meta engineers built the Forum app using a human-on-the-loop AI agent workflow that automated planning, building, testing, and verification. By shifting focus from code generation to automated verification, tooling improvements, and architectural legibility, the team reached feature parity in eight weeks while catching systemic memory issues early.
DEPTH ■■■■■8 min read10 days ago
Frontend Mobile
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07Shopify · tooling
Building Overexposed: understanding application exposure
The team built an automated scanner called Overexposed to track internet-facing services and verify access controls across Kubernetes and Cloud Run. By querying live cloud inventories and probing endpoints like an outsider, the scanner classifies exposure while avoiding false assumptions from static config files. As a result, the engineering organization improved accuracy and significantly reduced inconclusive findings over time.
DEPTH ■■■■■8 min read5 days ago
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08Dropbox · architecture
Evolving our calendar assistant Reclaim to be AI-native without starting over
Dropbox engineers evolved their calendar assistant, Reclaim, to support natural-language AI requests by building a custom agent platform that integrates with existing scheduling logic. They utilized a shared action system and a Preview Mode backed by Redis to ensure AI suggestions are consistent and reviewable before affecting real calendars. This approach allows the product to adopt AI capabilities without fragmenting its core architecture or duplicating functionality.
DEPTH ■■■■■7 min read3 weeks ago
Infrastructure Machine Learning
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09Meta · architecture
Meta’s Generative Ads Model (GEM): Scaling the Central Model and Compute Engine for Frontier Ads AI
Meta developed GEM, a unified recommendation foundation model using an LLM-style architecture called Kunlun to handle heterogeneous ads data across multiple surfaces. The team implemented block attention, custom low-precision kernels, and post-training intelligence transfer techniques like LoopFM and Solaris to scale training efficiency and bypass real-time serving latency bottlenecks. The resulting system delivered an 18.9% conversion improvement and a 12% click-through rate increase across Meta ads surfaces.
DEPTH ■■■■■15 min read12 days ago
Machine Learning
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10Meta · architecture
OCP Summit 2026: Powering AI with Open Innovations in Scale-Up, Scale-Out, and Scale-Across Networks
Meta shared its next-generation open networking infrastructure for AI at the OCP Summit 2026, including liquid-cooled 102.4T switch platforms, multiplane scale-out fabrics, and Ethernet-based scale-up solutions. The team also highlighted collaborative industry standards like ESUN and OSPA to unify hardware and transport layers. These open innovations aim to support massive gigawatt-scale AI clusters across diverse data center environments.
DEPTH ■■■■■12 min read12 days ago
Machine Learning
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11Shopify · architecture
ShopGym: Realistic, reproducible sandboxes for shopping agents
Training and evaluating shopping agents is difficult due to changing live store environments, bot detection, and limited hand-built test stores. The team developed ShopGym, a framework that converts live storefronts into self-contained, anonymized sandbox shops and generates benchmark tasks. Evaluation showed that synthetic shops preserve key structural properties and behavioral alignment with live stores, giving agents a reliable environment to practice and improve.
DEPTH ■■■■■6 min read3 weeks ago
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12Meta · architecture
GenRecs Tokenization: Transforming Ads Recommendation at Meta with Stable Model Vocabulary
Meta implemented GenRecs Tokenization to replace dedicated item IDs with a stable semantic vocabulary for ads recommendation. Using a three-stage encoding and quantization pipeline, the system enables language models to reason about ad content and user preferences simultaneously. This approach resulted in a +0.35% lift in conversions and improved cold-start performance for new entities.
DEPTH ■■■■■6 min read6 days ago
Machine Learning
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13Meta · scaling
2026 World Cup: Breaking Records, Spiky Charts and Reliability at Scale
Meta's infrastructure handled record-breaking traffic during the 2026 World Cup, including 30 million messages per second on WhatsApp, by relying on automated load balancing, capacity buffers, and targeted pre-builds. Traffic patterns revealed that surges occurred primarily during breaks rather than gameplay, requiring region-specific forecasting rather than cross-region load shifting. The systems maintained full reliability and allowed normal continuous deployment schedules to continue without manual intervention or system freezes.
DEPTH ■■■■■5 min read10 days ago
Infrastructure
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14Shopify · tooling
Helix: The internal tool powering our Shopify app's native migration
Shopify is migrating its mobile apps from React Native to native Swift and Kotlin using an internal LLM-powered tool called Helix. Helix breaks migrations down into small checkpoints and enforces strict quality gates covering behavior, UI equivalence, architectural compliance, and human review. This iterative loop allows the team to reliably generate and migrate hundreds of screens to native code.
DEPTH ■■■■■8 min read4 weeks ago
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15Meta · migration
Shipping Media Over QUIC at Meta Scale for Instagram Live Ingest
Meta deployed the emerging Media over QUIC (MoQ) protocol for Instagram Live ingest on iOS and Android to replace their legacy RUSH protocol. By using edge translation to avoid backend rewrites and a phased rollout strategy, the team achieved metric parity with the old protocol without regressions. This deployment establishes a foundation to extend MoQ across Meta's applications for lower-latency and more resilient video streaming.
DEPTH ■■■■■8 min read13 days ago
Frontend Mobile
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16Shopify · migration
Migrating Shop app from React Native to native
Shop migrated its mobile app from React Native to native Swift and Kotlin by leveraging AI coding agents to accelerate the rewrite. The migration resulted in improved startup times, higher session stability, smaller Android app sizes, and smoother rendering performance.
DEPTH ■■■■■5 min read6 weeks ago
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17Shopify · migration
Native is now the future of mobile at Shopify
Shopify is migrating its mobile applications from React Native back to native Swift and Kotlin. The team determined that the emergence of advanced coding agents significantly reduces the cost of maintaining platform parity, making native development the superior choice again. To execute this migration efficiently, Shopify developed a system called Helix and a CLI-driven, agent-addressable architecture to enable fast, autonomous testing.
DEPTH ■■■■■10 min read6 weeks ago
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18Shopify · architecture
How River takes security work from a fix to merge
Shopify developed an AI agent named River to automate security vulnerability remediation from dependency upgrades to pull request merges. The agent validates live states, replays and repairs fixes on current repository heads, and escalates context-dependent decisions to human engineers. This workflow reduced the open issue backlog by about 70 percent and increased freshness-gated security merges significantly.
DEPTH ■■■■■9 min read7 weeks ago
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